Forms of Contract (Written, Oral, Electronic) · 合同形式(书面、口头、电子)

Article 469 — Civil Code of the PRC — Contracts (2021)

Parties may conclude a contract in written, oral, or other forms.

Written form refers to any form that renders the contents tangible, such as written agreements, letters, telegrams, telexes, and faxes.

Data messages in forms such as electronic data interchange and e-mail that can tangibly express the contents and be accessed for reference at any time are deemed to be in written form.

(Note: WeChat chat records, e-mails, and similar electronic records can serve as evidence of contract formation and contents in Chinese judicial practice.)
当事人订立合同,可以采用书面形式、口头形式或者其他形式。

书面形式是合同书、信件、电报、电传、传真等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式。

以电子数据交换、电子邮件等方式能够有形地表现所载内容,并可以随时调取查用的数据电文,视为书面形式。

(注:微信聊天记录、电子邮件等在中国司法实践中可以作为合同成立和内容的证据。)
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