The parties may agree that upon breach, the breaching party shall pay a certain amount of liquidated damages according to the circumstances of the breach, or may agree on a method for calculating damages arising from the breach.

Where the agreed liquidated damages are lower than the losses caused, the people's court or arbitration institution may increase the amount at a party's request; where the agreed liquidated damages are excessively higher than the losses caused, the people's court or arbitration institution may appropriately reduce the amount at a party's request.

当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金，也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。

约定的违约金低于造成的损失的，人民法院或者仲裁机构可以根据当事人的请求予以增加；约定的违约金过分高于造成的损失的，人民法院或者仲裁机构可以根据当事人的请求予以适当减少。