Non-Compete Clauses: Tighter Limits from 1 Sep 2025 · 竞业限制新规:不接触商业秘密即不生效
Articles 13–15 — SPC Interpretation II on Labor Dispute Cases (Fa Shi [2025] No. 12, effective 1 Sep 2025)
Key points (Articles 13–15):
1. If the employee never knew of, or had access to, the employer's trade secrets or IP-related confidential matters, the courts shall support the employee's claim that the non-compete clause does not take effect against them (Art. 13).
2. Where the scope, territory or duration of a non-compete goes beyond what is proportionate to the secrets the employee actually had access to, the excessive part is invalid (Art. 14).
3. If an employee breaches a valid non-compete, the employer may recover the compensation already paid and claim the agreed penalty (Art. 15).
(Practical notes: rank-and-file staff — e.g. language teachers, customer service, ordinary technicians — who never touched trade secrets can argue the clause simply does not bind them, even if it is printed in the contract. Monthly non-compete compensation after departure remains a precondition. Read the scope and penalty figures before signing; have a lawyer review if in doubt.)
要点归纳(第十三条至第十五条):
一、劳动者未知悉、未接触用人单位的商业秘密和与知识产权相关的保密事项的,劳动者请求确认竞业限制条款不生效的,人民法院依法予以支持(第十三条)。
二、竞业限制的范围、地域、期限等与劳动者知悉、接触的商业秘密不相适应,劳动者请求确认超出合理比例部分无效的,依法予以支持(第十四条)。
三、劳动者违反有效的竞业限制约定,用人单位请求返还已支付的经济补偿并支付违约金的,依法予以支持(第十五条)。
(实务提示:普通岗位员工——如外教、客服、一般技术人员——若从未接触商业秘密,即使合同里写了竞业限制条款,也可以主张条款对自己不生效;离职后用人单位按月支付经济补偿是竞业限制生效的前提之一。签约前看清竞业范围与违约金数额,必要时咨询律师。)